Tuesday, August 26, 2014

What happened in 2003?


The United States in 2003 decided to invade Iraq in the hopes of finding Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD). In the eight years that United States’ troops were in Iraq there were serious repercussions for both the United States and Iraq as a result of the invasion. The consequences were mainly due to military, political, social, and economic impacts on a national and global scale. Due to the gargantuan amount of repercussions the United States and Iraq are still in turmoil over the events that occurred from 2003 to   2011. ‘The Invasion of Iraq’ blog is to help the general public understand the implications of the invasion and how some still impact the world today.       

The background story behind the invasion.


The Invasion of Iraq in 2003 had detrimental consequences that impacted not only the United States soldiers and government, but also Iraq’s soldiers, government and civilians. Things such as the death toll, controversy over reasons for invading, and newfound strains in international relationships are also part of the many impacts the invasion had on both a national and global scale. Propaganda from the Bush Administration in 2003 stated: 'The US-led invasion was a necessary and justified intervention to remove a brutal dictator whose regime threatened world peace and stability by its efforts to acquire weapons of mass destruction and its support for international terrorism.’ (Cogan, 2003). This is what the United States and George W. Bush released and told the public behind the reason for invading Iraq, but there are serious doubts that this is the truth. 




Repercussions on social and political fields.


Repercussions of the invasion in terms of political and social fields were extremely high in the years following the invasion and multiple still exist today. Repercussions ranged from political related violence in Iraq (Haddad, 2013) to pressure put upon political parties and forces as a result of the invasion (Hernandez, & al-Izzi., 2006), Iraq oil production constrained therefore limiting the country’s economic gain (Nordhaus, 2002), and the total cost of the invasion outweighed any of the benefits that it created due to the astronomical amount it reached (Cogan, 2003). For the United States ‘the cost and trauma of the … military occupation [in Iraq] could be justified because it was the first try to establish democracy and set up democratic rights’ (Cogan, 2003), this goes against what Hinnebusch (2007) states ‘The Bush Administration has to clear and legitimize war on a state that did not threaten the United States’. Both of these sources clash in ideas, Cogan talks of how the United States were trying to achieve good despite the economic and political repercussions whereas Hinnebusch talks about how the United States in fact had no reason to start a war in the first place, therefore should manage the costs and political implications as a consequence of their actions. Based on this information it can be clearly noted that the occupation of Iraq caused gargantuan economic and political costs to both the United States and Iraq. 



Deceiving the United Nations.


Going against permission from the United Nations, the United States occupied Iraq in 2003. The Bush Administration wanted permission to enter Iraq for the search of Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD), and to topple Saddam Hussein’s reign as dictator, although at the time it seems they did more than this then they told the public (Alkadiri & Mohamedi, 2003). ‘No active American involvement was at first allowed’ (Jakobsen, 2012) but this changed when they wished to promote the emergence of a democratic government, people such as Hanson, MacAskill, and Borger agree that the Iraq War was both illegal and that motives were in retaliation to the 9/11 terrorist attacks. These sources are all accurate meaning the information is reliable, not bias, and demonstrates what the public was not told. George W. Bush in 2003 said “America tried to work with the United Nations to address this threat because we wanted to resolve the issue peacefully. We believe in the mission of the United Nations … The United Nations Security Council has not lived up to its responsibilities, we will rise to ours … Saddam Hussein and his sons must leave Iraq within 48 hours … refusal to do so will result in military conflict commenced at a time of our choosing”. These quotes help support the fact that it is evident that both the United Stated didn’t consider the ongoing repercussions the invasion would have upon the world today, they consider themselves above the authority of the United Nations and have taken that power into their own hands and invaded regardless to what they were advised by such authority. The United States entered Iraq in 2003 against advice from the United States, the repercussions of this act is the weakened relationship between the United Nations and the United States.



Invasion related death toll.


Iraq and the United States had many causalities as a result of the invasion. Over the many years following the invasion both soldiers and civilians that were part of the occupation died due to something could have ultimately been avoided. Numbers around 655 000 (MacKenzie, 2006) are the estimated number of people to have died since 2003. This signifies the impact and the amount of deaths caused as a result of the reaction, which ultimately could have been avoided. When Bush addressed a marginalized number of deaths this would have been unknown to the public so they would have been unaware of the devastation. The downplaying of the figure shows how deceitful Bush was during the occupation. Violence became worst as time went on during the invasion (Brown, 2006). More than half a million people are dead form invasion related deaths, the number is upsetting to know that the reason for invading was also invalid for some time. The number of deaths as a result of the invasion is a gargantuan repercussion for both countries involved.



Economic and military consequences.


Both Iraq and the United States had a significant loss upon their military and economic fields. The invasion of Iraq in 2003 led to an impact upon military and economic fields. The United States sacrificed a lot in order to invade Iraq, in terms of economic repercussion and also the now strained relationship between the United Nations. The debt the United States is currently in would not be as drastic if they hadn’t of funded $97 million to opposition forces (Manfreda, 2014). The information I found in this source has allowed an understanding about how the United States invaded Iraq even against the United Nations advice. If other countries were to do this as an example of the US what is the point of the organisation. Without the invasion it can be assumed that there would not be an as high as there is today (Cogan, 2003). Also social impacts could be noted because as a result of the US having to pay for all this they would have to increase costs of living and have taxes to then pay for it, affecting those residing in the United States.



International relationships.


International relationships changed for Iraq and the United States during the invasion due to much weakened ties. Why would the United States not think of the possible repercussions of the invasion, it impacted upon many countries not just Iraq. The relationship between United States and the United Nations changed drastically and I am unsure how they could break the trust of such an influential power for their own selfish benefit (Held, 2011). Western relationships were strained during the invasion between western powers and the Islamic world this would be the United States against other opposing powers (Ulrichsen, 2011). Jesse Helms is a former chairman of the US Senate Foreign Relations Committee to the UN Security Council, the way in which he says that the United States can in a way be controlled by anyone else but the United States. Making excuses for the invasion generally changes my view of the United States, they are greedy and selfish and this can be noted through several of the sources I have found, in 2004 he said “No institution – not the Security Council … - is competent to judge the foreign policy and national security decisions of the United States”.



How it all ended.



From 2003 the invading of Iraq from the United States has led to gargantuan repercussions on levels such as economic, political, social, economic, and military. Things such as going against the United Nations advice and the invasion related death toll, the invasion wasn't needed as can be seen from the covering up by the Bush Administration and their incorrect accusations. As a whole the invasion has impacted people on a local and global scale but if the invasion hadn't occurred Saddam Hussein may still be in power. 

References.



References:

Alkadiri, R., & Mohamedi, F. (2003). World Oil Markets and the Invasion of Iraq. Retrieved from: http://www.merip.org/mer/mer227/world-oil-markets-invasion-iraq

Brown, D. (2006). Study Claims Iraq’s ‘Excess’ Death Toll Has Reached 655,000. Retrieved from: http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/10/10/AR2006101001442.html

Bush, G.W. (2003). Bush: ‘Leave Iraq within 48 hours’ [transcript]. Retrieved from: http://edition.cnn.com/2003/WORLD/meast/03/17/sprj.irq.bush.transcript/

Cogan, J. (2003). The Consequences of the US-Led War against Iraq. Retrieved from: http://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2006/03/jcre-m03.html.

Haddad, F. (2013). Sunni-Shia Relations After the Iraq War. Retrieved from: http://www.usip.org/sites/default/files/PB160.pdf.

Hanson, V.D. (2013). Why Did We Invade Iraq? Retrieved from: http://www.nationalreview.com/articles/343870/why-did-we-invade-iraq-victor-davis-hanson

Held, D., & Ulrichsen, K. (2011). Wars of Decline: Afghanistan, Iraq and Libya. Retrieved from: https://www.opendemocracy.net/david-held-kristian-coates-ulrichsen/wars-of-decline-afghanistan-iraq-and-libya

Hernandez, N., & al-Izzi, S. (2006). Iraq’s Attorneys Practicing in a State of Fear. Retrieved from: https://www.globalpolicy.org/component/content/article/167/35600.html.

Hinnebusch, R. (2007). The American Invasion of Iraq: Causes and Consequences. Retrieved from: http://sam.gov.tr/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/Raymond-Hinnebusch.pdf.

Jakobsen, T. (2012). Did the United States Invade Iraq in 2003? Retrieved from: http://www.popularsocialscience.com/2012/10/25/why-did-the-united-states-invade-iraq-in-2003-2/

MacAskill, E., & Borger, J. (2004, September 16). Iraq war was illegal and breached UN charter, says Annan. The Guardian. Retrieved from:  http://www.theguardian.com/world/2004/sep/16/iraq.iraq

MacKenzie, D. (2006). Enormous death toll of Iraq invasion revealed. Retrieved from: http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn10276-enormous-death-toll-of-iraq-invasion-revealed.html#.U_xkJfm1ZfF.

Manfreda, P. (2014). Iraq War Effect on the Middle East. Retrieved from: http://middleeast.about.com/od/ira1/tp/Iraq-War-Effect-On-The-Middle-East.htm


Nordhaus, W. (2002). The Economic Consequences of War with Iraq. Retrieved from:  http://www.econ.yale.edu/~nordhaus/iraq.doc.